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Foraminiferal Colouration Index
The Foraminiferal Colouration Index 〔McNeil, D.H., Issler, D.R., and Snowdon, L.R., 1996, Colour alteration, thermal maturity, and burial diagenesis in fossil foraminifers. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 499, 34 p.〕〔McNeil, D.H., 1997, Diagenetic regimes and the foraminiferal record in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin and adjacent cratonic areas. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (1997), v. 67, p. 274-286.〕 (FCI) is a tool for assessing the thermal alteration of organic matter buried in sedimentary rock. It uses temperature-controlled colour changes in the organic cement of agglutinated foraminifera (microfossils) to estimate thermal alteration. The method is empirical and based on determination of colour by visual comparison of fossil specimens to the Geological Society of America Rock-Color Chart (Munsell colour system) under a binocular microscope.
The FCI values 0 to 10 are indicated below:
Agglutinated foraminifera have a long geological history spanning the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The FCI has many potential applications especially in the analysis of samples from hydrocarbon exploration wells.〔Gallagher, S.J., Duddy, I.R., Quilty, P.G., Smith, A.J., Wallace, M.W., Holdgate, G.R., and Boult, P.J., The use of Foraminiferal Colouration Index (FCI) as a thermal indicator and correlation with vitrinite reflectance in the Sherbrook Group, Otway Basin, Victoria. In P.J. Boult, D.R. Johns, and S.C. Lang (eds), PESE Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium II, Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, pp. 643-653.〕〔McNeil, D.H., Dietrich, J.R., Issler, D.A., Grasby, S.E., Stasiuk, L.D., and Dixon, J., 2010, A new method for recognizing subsurface hydrocarbon seepage and migration using foraminiferal alteration documented from a gas chimney in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin. In L. Wood, ed., Shale Tectonics: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 93, p. 197-210.〕 Significant colour changes (FCI 2 to 6) occur through a temperature range of ~60 °C to ~110 °C.〔 The FCI is therefore an indicator of temperatures required to initiate petroleum generation (oil window). The onset of oil generation correlates approximately to FCI 5-6.
The FCI methodology is similar to the Conodont Alteration Index (CAI), but the colour/temperature relationships differ in that FCI is more sensitive to colour change at lower temperatures.
== References ==
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